Line a 9x13 glass baking pan with foil and spray generously with non stick cooking spray.
Set aside 2 tablespoons of butter.
In the bowl of a stand mixer using paddle attachment, beat 14 tablespoons of butter with brown sugar and baking soda until fluffy, scraping down sides of bowl as needed.
Add eggs and 2 teaspoons of vanilla and continue mixing until well combined.
Add flour followed by oatmeal.
For caramel filling, combine remaining two tablespoons of butter, caramels and sweetened condensed milk in a small saucepan.
Heat over medium low heat, stirring occasionally until smooth.
Stir in two teaspoons of vanilla extract and 1/2 teaspoon of sea salt.
Divide cookie dough and press 2/3 of the dough into foil lined pan.
Pour caramel filling over cookie dough and spread evenly.
Top with remaining 1/3 of cookie dough.
Sprinkle with remaining 1 teaspoon of sea salt.
Bake at 350 for 25 minutes.
Notes
Before baking, the top layer of cookie dough will not cover the caramel completely but will spread during baking.